Reference values vary based on several factors, including the specific laboratory that supplies them. A patient's urine test values should be interpreted based on the reference value of the laboratory in which the test was done; the laboratory typically provides these values with the test result. Representative values are listed in alphabetical order in the following table.
Representative Laboratory Reference Values: Urine
5–19 mcg/24 hours
13.9–52.6 nmol/24 hour
Amino acids, total
200–400 mg/24 hours
14–29 nmol/24 hours
Calcium (unrestricted diet)
0–100 mcg/24 ours
0–1.6 mcmol/24 hours
50–250 mcg/24 hours
76–382 nmol/24 hours
0–100 mg/24 hours
0–763 mmol/24 hours
30–305 mmol/24 hours
15–25 mg/kg/24 hours
133–221 mmol/kg/ 24 hours
D-xylose excretion 5 hours after ingestion of 25 g of D-xylose
Urine, 5 hour collection
> 42 mcmol/24 hours
17-Hydroxycorticosteroids, fractionated, adults ≥ 18 years:
3.5–4.5 mcg/24 hours
9.7–12.4 nmol/24 hours
17–129 mcg/24 hours
47–359 nmol/24 hours
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
10.4–46.8 mcmol/24 hours
17-Ketosteroid, fractionated, females > 12 years:
55–1589 mcg/24 hours
59–1391 mcg/24 hours
17-Ketosteroid, fractionated, males > 12 years:
234–2703 mcg/24 hours
151–3198 mcg/24 hours
66–1032 mcg/24 hours
17–1006 mcg/24 hours
4–55 mcg/24 hours
51–1016 mcg/24 hours
245–1701 mcg/24 hours
Metanephrines, fractionated, normotensive patients ≥ 18 years:
30–180 mcg/24 hours
142–510 mcg/24 hours
44–261 mcg/24 hours
190–583 mcg/24 hours
Metanephrines, fractionated, normotensive males and females aged 18–29 years:
103–390 mcg/24 hours
Metanephrines, fractionated, hypertensive males and females:
38–1400 mOsm/kg H 2 O
0.11–0.46 mmol/ specimen*
Phosphate, tubular reabsorption
79–94% of filtered load
0–0.5 mg/g creatinine
25–100 mEq/24 hours
25–100 mmol/24 hours
100–260 mEq/24 hours
100–260 mmol/24 hours
250–750 mg/24 hours
1.48–4.43 mmol/24 hours
Urinalysis, routine, dipstick testing†:
0.05–2.5 mg/24 hours
0.08–4.22 mcmol/24 hours
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
*Value is based on 24-hour collection.
†Normal findings detected by microscopic examination can include a few red blood cells (especially in menstruating women), white blood cells, epithelial cells, bacteria, yeast cells, crystals (eg, calcium oxalate, triple phosphate, amorphous phosphates and urates), sperm, and unidentifiable materials. Large amounts of these substances or the presence of certain other materials may be abnormal.